Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an integrated rainfed rice–fish farming system of Eastern India |
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| Authors: | A. Datta D.R. Nayak D.P. Sinhababu T.K. Adhya |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China;2. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China;3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China;4. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China;5. Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK;6. Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China;1. Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;3. Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2202 Mymensingh, Bangladesh;1. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;2. Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;3. Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China |
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| Abstract: | Integration of fish stocking with rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation promises an ecologically sound and environmentally viable management of flooded ecosystem. Rice agriculture contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases CH4 and N2O, but little is known on the effect of fish rearing in fields planted to rice on the emission of these two greenhouse gases. In a field study, CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured from a sub-humid tropical rice field of Cuttack, eastern India, as affected by integrated rice–fish farming under rainfed lowland conditions. Three Indian major carps, Catla catla H., Labeo rohita H. and Cirrhinus mrigala H., and Puntius gonionotus B. were stocked in rice fields planted to two rice cultivars in a split-plot design with no fish and fish as the main treatments and two rice varieties as sub-treatments with three replicates each. Fish rearing increased CH4 emission from field plots planted to both the rice cultivars with 112% increase in CH4 emission in cv. Varshadhan and 74% in case of cv. Durga. On the contrary, fish stocking reduced N2O emission from field plots planted to both the rice varieties. Movement of fish and associated bioturbation coupled with higher dissolved organic-C and CH4 contents, and lower dissolved oxygen could be the reasons for release of larger quantities of CH4 from rice + fish plots, while higher dissolved oxygen content might have influenced release of more N2O from the rice alone treatment. The total greenhouse gas emission, expressed as CO2 equivalent global warming potential (GWP), was considerably higher from rice + fish plots with CH4 contributing a larger share (91%) as compared to rice alone plots (78–81%). On the contrary, N2O had a comparatively lesser contribution with 19–22% share in rice alone plots that was further reduced to 9% in rice + fish plots. However, considering the profit-loss analysis based on the market price of the produce, rice–fish system provided a net profit of $453.36 ha?1 over rice alone system in spite of higher carbon credit compliance of a rice–fish ecosystem due to larger cumulative GWP. |
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