建筑室内人员污染暴露量及其特征性分析

合理确定室内人员的污染暴露量是有效改善室内空气品质的重要前提。文章结合吸入率概念和人体呼吸模型给出了室内人员污染暴露量计算模型,并以二氧化碳指标和挥发性有机化合物指标为研究对象,分析了在不同通风模式、新风量大小和污染源强度下室内人员污染暴露量的特性。研究结果表明,置换通风条件下的人员污染暴露量要低于混合通风条件下的相应结果,且在置换通风条件下站姿的污染暴露量要高于坐姿的对应结果,而在混合通风条件下情况相反;同时,新风量增大可以降低人员污染暴露量,但其有效程度存在临界点,即存在最优的新风量大小;此外,人员污染暴露量会因污染源强度的提高而增大,但其随污染源强度变化的跟随性会由于通风模式的不同而存在显著差异。

Amount of Occupants' Exposure to Indoor Pollutant and Its Characteristics

A model to calculate amount of occupants’ exposure to pollutants in room based on human inhale rate and breath model was presented and the characteristics of were analyzed in the case of different ventilation modes,outdoor fresh airflow volume and various pollutant intensities in terms of carbon dioxide and VOCs.Findings of the study indicated that exposure amount in the condition of displacement ventilation is less than that of mixing ventilation;and the amount decreased with the increase of outdoor airflow within a certain range and an optimum airflow existed.Generally,increasing the indoor pollutant emission would add to the exposure amount,and the increment was dependent on the type of ventilation.