松花江中游(哨口-松花江村段)水中有毒有机物污染研究

1983—1990年,在松花江中游(哨口—松花江村)138公里江段中,进行七次五断面追踪水团采样,采用高分子微球GDX—502吸附富集,GC定性定量,GC/MS定性验证。依据有机物检出率、毒性持久性、有点源排放、分析方法适用等因素,筛选出65种主要有毒有机物。化合物总浓度逐年降低,石油烷烃、芳烃浓度增加;属致癌致变性化合物21种,EPA优测物21种,建议的优先控制黑名单20种;有点源排入的占90％以上,污染源来自吉化主要入江污水口;封冰期比其它水文期污染增强;该江段污染特征为氯代链烃、氯代苯类、硝基芳烃种类多、浓度高,应为重点控制对象。

A STUDY OF THE POLLUTION OF TOXIC ORGANIC IN THE SONGHUA RIVER BETWEEN MIDDLE REACHES SHAOKOU AND SONGHUA RIVER VILLAGE

From 1983 through 1990,we took five fracture-surfaced tracing water mass samplings seven times in the reach (which is 138km long)between Shaokou in the middle reaches of Songhua River and Songhua River village. The samples were then adsorbed and cocentrated by macromolecule corpuscle GDX-502 analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC,and tested qualitatively by GC/MS. Based on such factors as detection rates of the organic compounds, duration of toxicity,point source discharge and fesiblity of analytical method,65 pre -these compounds decreased yearly while the concentrations of petroleun alkanes and arenes increased. There are 21 Carcinogenic and Mutagenic compounds, 21 priority pollutants of EPA,and 20 compounds which belong to the first controlled black list. The pollution comes from the main sewage inlet to the river of periods,the pollution during the ice period is the most serious. The pollution of the river reach is characterized by high levels many types of haioalkanes,halogeno-benzenes and nitroarenes. Therefore,these should be regarded as the most important pollutants to be controlled.