南海长棘海星中多环芳烃的生物富集特征及来源解析

已有的研究表明多环芳烃（PAHs）在南海珊瑚礁区广泛存在，然而有关珊瑚礁区长棘海星体内PAHs的污染特征尚不清楚。因此，本文采用气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪（GC-MS/MS）对南海珊瑚礁区长棘海星组织中除萘（Nap）以外的15种优控PAHs进行了定量分析，探讨了长棘海星体内PAHs的富集特征及其来源。结果表明:（1）15种PAHs广泛存在于南海不同区域长棘海星组织中，其中胃组织中的PAHs总含量（∑₁₅PAHs）[（107±96.9）ng/g dw]显著大于幽门盲囊[（29.0±34.5）ng/g dw]和表皮[（31.0±23.5）ng/g dw]（p<0.01）；（2）长棘海星组织中PAHs以3环为主（69%～85%），与南海珊瑚组织中的3环PAHs占比相当，这与长棘海星以珊瑚为食这一事实相符；（3）长棘海星∑₁₅PAHs与辐径显著负相关（p<0.05），幼年长棘海星积累PAHs的能力更强；（4）长棘海星组织对海水中除苯并(k)荧蒽（BkF）外的大部分PAHs的生物富集因子（BAFs）均小于2000 L/kg，富集能力较弱；（5）南海长棘海星体内PAHs大部分为化石燃料和生物质等燃烧源，少部分来源于石油或成岩源。研究结果为长棘海星对PAHs的富集特征增加了新知。

Bioaccumulation characteristic and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Acanthaster planci from the South China Sea

Previous studies have shown that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in coral reef regions (CRRs) of the South China Sea (SCS). However, the pollution characteristics of PAHs in Acanthaster planci from CRRs are still unknown. The bioaccumulation and sources of 15 priority-controlled PAHs (excluding naphthalene) in Acanthaster planci from CRRs in the SCS were studied by using GC-MS/MS. The results showed that the total concentration of PAHs (∑₁₅PAHs) was significantly higher in the stomach [(107±96.9) ng/g dw] than in the pyloric caecum [(29.0±34.5) ng/g dw] and epidermis [(31.0±23.5) ng/g dw] (p<0.01). The 3-rings PAHs were dominant in Acanthaster planci tissues (69%～85%), which was similar to the proportion of 3-rings PAHs in coral tissues from the SCS. A significant negative correlation occurred between ∑₁₅PAHs and diameters of Acanthaster planci (p<0.05), indicating that the bioaccumulation ability of juvenile Acanthaster planci was stronger. Except benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), all the detected PAHs had weak bioaccumulation ability in Acanthaster planci tissues (BAFs<2000 L/kg). The sources of PAHs in Acanthaster planci mainly came from pyrogenic sources including fossil fuel and biomass combustion, and a few came from petroleum or petrogenic sources. These results can help the understanding of the bioaccumulation characteristics of organic pollutants such as PAHs in Acanthaster planci.