改良综合指数法及其在上海市水源水质评价中的应用

为建立一种适用于集中式生活饮用水地表水源水质评价的改良综合指数法,灵活选取转换指数法、加权平均法、最差因子判别法和内梅罗法等综合指数计算模式,并运用专家咨询法赋以各类指标健康权重.运用该法对2007年上海市的水源水质进行了综合评价,结果显示,水源水质在总体上符合国家标准,但存在一定的有机污染.进一步分析表明,长江是上海市最佳的集中式供水水源;郊区水厂的原水水质要劣于市区;市级水厂的原水水质较好;第一季度的原水水质要劣于其他季度.本文所建立的改良综合指数法具有简单、合理和可操作性强的优点,可较好地应用于其他城市的水源水质评价.

Improved comprehensive index method and its application to evaluation of source water quality in Shanghai

In order to establish an improved comprehensive index method applicable to water quality assessment of surface source within a centralized drinking water supply system, several comprehensive index methods of index-converted, weighted average, minimum operator and Nemerow index were selected. For the weighted average approach, weighting coefficients of different index categories based on health impacts of the indices detected were determined using the expert consultant method. Evaluation results of source water quality for Shanghai in 2007 by this improved method showed that the overall quality of source water conformed to the relevant national standard; nevertheless organic pollution of source water could not be ignored. Further analysis indicated that the Yangtze River was the best source choice for Shanghai; source water quality of suburban water factories was inferior to that of their urban counterparts; source water quality of municipal-level water factories was the best; and source water quality in the first quarter of 2007 was comparatively inferior. The improved comprehensive index method developed in this paper has the merit of simplicity, rationality and powerful operability, and thus is applicable to the evaluation of source water quality in other cities.