塔里木河干流流域区域开发与环境对策

区域开发的设计,目的在于实现资源开发和环境建设的协调发展。塔河流域具有光热资源丰富、土地资源开发潜力大、石油资源开发前景广阔等区域开发优势,同时存在水土资源不平衡、社会经济发展缓慢、科学技术水平落后、交通条件差、生态环境问题严重等区域开发的限制性因素。从塔河流域资源优势出发,针对当前区域开发的限制性因素,按照新疆经济发展对塔河流域的要求,选择“优势资源转换开发模式”为塔河流域开发战略模式。解决塔河流域生态环境问题,首先要使现有生态环境不再继续恶化,最低限度保护现有植被面积不再减少,即维护现有天然胡杨林29.8万公顷、天然灌木林111.33万公顷、天然草地90.38万公顷,在此基础上,恢复和改善下游绿色走廊的植被,约3.96万公顷。如果完成以上指标,必须确保生态用水,特别是下游段的生态用水,加强天然植被的抚育更新,并制定相应的政策、法规等。

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT COUNTERMEASURES IN THE TARIM RIVER DRAINAGE AREA (TRDA)

The purpose of regional development planning lies in the coordinated development of resources exploitation and environmental construction. In Tarim River drainage area there are positive factors, such as abundant resources, great potential for land resources exploitation, extensive prospects of oil resource, etc. , as well as restrictive conditions including imbalance of water and soil resources, slow development of social economy, backwardness of science and technology, poor traffic conditions and serious ecological problems, etc. To combine the advantages and disadvantages with the demand of the development of TRDA in Xinjiang, the Development Transferring Modeb is chosen as the strategic model for the regional development.To solve the ecological environmental problems of TRDA, the present ecological envirornment must be prevented from'deteriorating, and the present vegetation must be protected from dec.reasing, at least the present 3000 square kilometers of forest, 11130 square kilometers of natural bushes, 9000 square kilometers of natural grassland, and a total area of 21 680 square kilometers of vegetation should be maintained. Furthermore, the vegetation of the lower reach "green corridor" will be restored and improved (395.6 square kilometers in all). To fulfil these targets, the irrigation, especially in the lower reaches, the reforestation and the formulation of correspondent policies and regulations must be guaranteed.