Determining algal-available phosphorus in pulp and paper mill effluents: algal assays vs routine phosphorus analyses |
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Authors: | Ekholm Petri Jouttijärvi Timo Priha Maarit Rita Hannu Nurmesniemi Hannu |
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Institution: | Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland. petri.ekholm@ymparisto.fi |
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Abstract: | We determined the potentially algal-available P (P(aa)) in pulp and paper mill effluents by two bioassay techniques (a dual-culture assay and a batch approach) and compared it with chemically analysed P (total P, total dissolved P, reactive P, dissolved reactive P and dissolved hydrolysable P). The mean P(aa) given by the dual-culture assay was within a 40% range of that given by the batch approach. The P(aa) obtained by both bioassays differed from total P. Dissolved reactive P appeared to be the most readily available chemical P fraction, but other P fractions also contributed to P(aa). The analysis of reactive P, which involves direct staining of an unfiltered sample, best approximated the P(aa) given by the dual-culture assay (relative error 9%). The results suggest that assessment of eutrophying effluent P can be improved by analysing simple chemical P fractions in wastewater. The fractions to be analysed, however, may be site specific. |
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