烷基多糖苷季铵盐改性粘土治理赤潮研究

研究了新型表面活性剂烷基多糖苷季铵盐在2种粘土高岭土和膨润土上的吸附行为,发现其在2种粘土上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,并且吸附速率很快,在1～2min之内就能够达到吸附平衡,经红外分析发现其可以对粘土进行有效改性.在此基础上,还研究了烷基多糖苷季铵盐对东海原甲藻、强壮前沟藻、锥状斯氏藻生长的影响以及2种有机改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除情况和絮凝动力学.结果表明,烷基多糖苷季铵盐用量分别为0～0.4 mg/L、0～0.5 mg/L、0～0.8 mg/L时,对上述3种藻的生长只是抑制作用;当浓度为0.6～1.2 mg/L、0.75～1.5 mg/L、1.2～2.4 mg/L时,就会阻碍上述3种藻的生长,并且3d之后能够使其几乎全部死亡.用其改性粘土后,在与原土相同的用量条件下可将对赤潮藻的去除率从20%左右提高到90%以上,大大降低了有效去除赤潮藻的粘土用量.其沉降动力学研究表明,粘土的种类、用量以及改性剂的用量都是影响体系沉降速率的重要因素,在实际应用中可以根据不同的情况而改变其中的某个因素以达到提高沉降速率的效果.

Extinguishment of Harmful Algae by Organo-Clay Modified by Alkyl Glucoside Quaternary Ammonium Compound

Systematic study of the sorption behavior of alkyl glucoside quaternary ammonium compound(AGQAC) on kaolin and bentonite showed that the isotherms of its sorption can be described very well by the Langmuir isotherm.the rate of alkyl glucoside quaternary ammonium compound sorption on kaolin and bentonite was very fast,it could reach equilibration in one or two minutes,and its saturate sorption amount was much enough to be used to modify clays.Then the influence of alkyl glucoside quaternary ammonium compound on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense,Amphidinium carterae,Scrippsiella trochoidea were studied,it was found that when its concentration was below 0.4(mg/L),0.5(mg/L),0.8(mg/L) it just restrained the growth of the algae,but when the concentration was above 0.6(mg/L),0.75(mg/L),1.2(mg/L) it could cumber the algae's growth and even made them die after three days.When it was used combined with clays the concentration below 5(mg/L) could enhance the algal removal efficiency of 50(mg/L) clay from about 20% to above 90%,so it could decrease the concentration of crude clays in removing algal blooms.Meanwhile,the kinetics of red tide organism coagulation with clay was studied,the effects of different kinds and concentrations of clays,the second component added in clays were examined.Results showed that adding the second component in clay was the most efficient method to improve the algal removal efficiency.