2005~2018年东北三省甲醛时空变化及其影响因素分析

基于臭氧监测仪（OMI）遥感数据获取中国东北三省（黑龙江、吉林、辽宁）2005~2018年的甲醛柱浓度，对东北三省近14年来甲醛的时空分布变化规律以及影响因子进行研究。结果表明：近14年来东北三省的甲醛年平均柱浓度呈先增大再减少，再增大的趋势，最大增长率为14.3%，最大降低率为10.1%；甲醛的月、季平均柱浓度变化具有明显规律性，在每年夏季（6~8月）出现最高值，冬季3月左右出现最低值；甲醛的季平均柱浓度水平为：夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季；东北三省的甲醛柱浓度在空间上基本呈南高北低分布，高浓度区域主要集中在中部平原较发达的地区。甲醛柱浓度的影响因子包括自然条件和人类活动两个方面。降水和温度等气象因素是甲醛柱浓度变化的重要影响因素，而地形、植被等自然因素对甲醛的分布有一定的影响。交通运输和工业生产等人类活动对甲醛浓度的区域性变化也有重要贡献。

Spatial-temporal Variations and Influencing Factors of Formaldehyde in the Three Provinces of Northeast China during 2005-2018

Based on the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) remote sensing data, the formaldehyde column concentrations were obtained to study the spatial and temporal distributions and influencing factors of formaldehyde in the three Provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) of Northeast China during 2005-2018. The results showed that in recent 14 years, the average annual column concentration of formaldehyde in the three Provinces of Northeast China increased first, then decreased, and then increased again, with the maximum growth rate of 14.3% and the maximum reduction rate of 10.1%.The monthly and seasonal mean column concentration of formaldehyde showed obvious changes, with the highest value in Summer (June to August) and the lowest value in March of Winter. The average seasonal column concentration of formaldehyde decreased in the order of Summer > Autumn > Winter > Spring; The concentration of formaldehyde column in the three Provinces of Northeast China is high in the South and low in the North, and higher in the central and developed zone. Both natural conditions and human activities influenced the concentration of formaldehyde. Meteorological factors such as precipitation and temperature are important factors influencing the change of formaldehyde column concentration, while natural factors such as terrain and vegetation have a certain influence on the distribution of formaldehyde. Human activities, such as transportation and industrial production, also contribute significantly to the regional variations of formaldehyde concentrations.