遥感技术在土壤污染中的应用研究进展

近年来遥感技术不断地拓展着应用的领域和范围,在土壤污染方面得到了广泛的关注和应用。传统土壤污染的研究存在许多弊端,需要耗费大量时间和精力。遥感技术具有建模范围大、实时性短的特点,它的出现使这些繁琐的过程更加简化。特别是近些年来图像处理手段和无人机遥感技术的发展,极大地提高了该技术的应用精度。本文从遥感技术在土壤污染状况的识别、反演、监管和风险评估等方面的应用出发,列举了遥感技术应用过程中常用的反演手段和方法,梳理了监管数据来源和监管对象。通过目前土壤污染与遥感技术结合的发展现状,较为全面地回顾了国内外遥感技术应用于土壤污染的发展历程,总结了遥感技术应用于土壤污染的各个方面的进展,并对该方面的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Progress of the Application of Remote Sensing Technology in the Soil Pollution Research

In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been constantly expanding its application fields and scopes, and is more frequently applied in the soil pollution research. Traditional soil pollution investigations cost lots of time and energy. Remote sensing technology has unique traits of wide modeling range and short real-time, which effectively simplifies the complicated processes of data acquisition. In particular, the development of image processing and remote sensing of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in recent years has significantly improved the application accuracy of remote sensing technology. This paper focuses on the identification, retrieval, supervision, and risk estimation of soil pollution by remote sensing technology. The commonly-used methods for inverse modeling are presented. The data sources and supervision objects are summarized. Based on the current status of the application of remote sensing technology in soil pollution research, this paper retrospects the development history of this field from a global perspective, covering nearly all respects of the application. In addition, the further development trends are also proposed.