水环境中化能自养微生物种群及固碳功能研究

化能自养微生物可通过还原性物质的氧化获取化学能以固定无机碳，在缺乏光照的海洋深处、水体沉积物等植物无法生存的环境中固碳，对吸收大气、海洋、湿地中的CO₂具有重要作用。本文基于化能自养微生物的研究现状，概述了其主要固碳途径及参与化能自养固碳的主要微生物类群，着重阐述了化能自养微生物在不同水环境中的固碳功能。同时，本文对水环境中化能自养微生物研究的趋势进行了展望，固碳量的精确计算与化能自养固定的有机碳的存在形式与去向应得到更多研究与探讨，以期增进对碳循环的相关认识。

Research on Population and Carbon Fixation Function of Chemoautotrophic Microbes in Aquatic Environments

Chemoautotrophic microbes can acquire chemical energy by oxidizing reduced substances to fix inorganic carbon. They can assimilate CO₂ in dark environments like deep ocean and aquatic sediment where plants are unable to thrive. Therefore, chemoautotrophic microbes could play an important role in fixing CO₂ from atmosphere, oceans and wetlands. This paper reviews current researches on chemoautotrophic microbes, summarizes the main carbon fixation pathway and chemoautotrophic microbial groups, and emphasizes carbon fixation functions of chemoautotrophic microbes in different aquatic environments. At the same time, this paper looks forward to the research perspective on chemoautotrophic microbes in aquatic environments, that is, to improve the awareness of the carbon cycle, the study and discussion on the accurate calculation of carbon sequestration and the existing forms and transformations of organic carbon derived from chemoautotrophy is much needed.