典型工程纳米材料对微藻的毒性效应研究进展

近年来,随着纳米技术的快速发展,工程纳米材料由于其良好的物理化学特性而广泛应用于各行各业。然而,在生产、使用和丢弃含有工程纳米材料产品的过程中不可避免地导致纳米材料释放到水环境中。工程纳米材料已在世界多地的水环境中被检测到,给水生态系统和人体健康带来潜在风险。由于水环境的复杂性,工程纳米材料在水体中的环境行为、毒性效应等生态风险还未得到充分的研究。本文以微藻为模型生物,总结了典型工程纳米材料,包括纳米金属、纳米氧化物、碳纳米材料以及量子点的毒性效应。探讨了工程纳米材料在水中的环境行为以及与其它污染物的复合毒性效应,讨论了工程纳米材料自身理化性质和环境因素对其毒性的影响。从生理指标和组学指标出发分析了工程纳米材料对微藻的毒性机制,并展望了工程纳米材料毒性研究的发展方向,以期为工程纳米材料的毒性评价提供一定的理论依据,促进纳米材料的绿色发展。

Research Progress on Toxicity Effects of Typical Engineering Nanomaterials on Algae

In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineering nanomaterials have been widely applied in various fields due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, during the production, use and disposal of products that contain engineering nanomaterials, the release of engineering nanomaterials into the water environment is inevitable. Engineered nanomaterials have been detected in surface water in many parts of the world, posing potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Due to the complexity of the water environment, ecological risks such as the environmental behavior and toxicity effects of engineered nanomaterials in water have not been fully researched. This article used algae as a model organism to summarized the toxicity effects of typical engineering nanomaterials, including nano-metal, nano-oxide, carbon nanomaterials, and quantum dots. The various environmental behaviors of engineered nanomaterials in water environment and the compound toxicity effect with other pollutants are discussed; meanwhile, the effects of their physicochemical properties and environmental factors on toxicity are discussed. The toxicity mechanism of nanomaterials on algae is analyzed based on physiological indicators and omics indicators, and the development direction of the toxicity research of engineered nanomaterials is prospected, hoping to provide a certain theoretical basis for the toxicity evaluation of engineered nanomaterials and promote nanomaterials green development.