珠江三角洲大气排放源清单与时空分配模型建立

收集整理2012年珠江三角洲地区(简称“珠江三角洲”)各种大气人为源及天然源基础活动数据,以排放因子法“自下而上”为主计算多污染物排放量,并建立本地化污染物空间分配方案及基于行业排污特征的时间分配谱,构建了具备时空分布属性的区域性网格化大气源排放清单.清单结果显示,2012年珠江三角洲SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5、VOCs和NH3排放总量分别为55.2万t、102.9万t、349.2万t、95.2万t、38.5万t、153.9万t和17.7万t. 固定燃烧源是珠江三角洲SO2和NOx的最大排放贡献源,其中电厂和锅炉分别贡献了35.0%和41.8%的SO2排放,以及28.2%和16.2%的NOx排放;VOCs的最大贡献源是过程源,其中家具制造、石油精炼、油气码头排放量总和占比为52.4%;扬尘源是颗粒物的主要来源之一,对PM2.5的排放贡献达42.3%;NH3的主要排放源为畜禽养殖和化肥施用源,两者排放量占比分别为50.7%和26.8%.珠江三角洲大气污染物空间与时间分布结果显示,高排放污染源主要集中于“东莞-广州-佛山”一带,呈半环带状结构分布;白天时段(9:00~20:00)的排放强度明显高于夜晚时段(21:00~次日8:00);夏秋季节(4~10月)的排放强度略高于冬春季节(11月~次年3月).

Establishment of emission inventory and spatial-temporal allocation model for air pollutant sources in the Pearl River Delta region

Capable of spatial and temporal illustration, the grid-based air pollutant emission inventory was established in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in 2012 by calculating annual-total emission values and developing local spatial-temporal allocation schemes. The activity data of anthropogenic and natural sources were collected and applied to estimating multi-pollutant emissions by the “bottom-up” compilation approach. The annual estimated results show that the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs and NH3 in the PRD region for the year of 2012 are 552kt, 1029kt, 3492kt, 952kt, 385kt, 1539kt and 177kt, respectively. Stationary combustion source is the largest SO2 and NOx contributors. Power plants and industrial boilers contribute 35.0% and 41.8% of SO2 emission, 28.2% and 16.2% of NOx emission. Processing source is the most significant VOCs emitters, and furniture manufacturing, oil refining and oil-gas port share 52.4% of total VOCs emissions. Fugitive dust, contributing 42.3% of PM2.5 emission, is one of the most important source of particulate matters. NH3 emission mainly comes from livestock feeding and fertilizer application, which occupy 50.7% and 26.8% of total regional NH3 emission. The emission results show remarkable variabilities over the PRD region spanning diurnal and seasonal time scales. A semi-annular high emission zone centralize along the “Dongguan-Guangzhou-Foshan” city cluster. Daytime (9:00 to 8:00pm) emission intensity is significantly higher than that of nighttime (9:00pm to 8:00am of next day). Summer and autumn are the slight higher emission seasons during the whole year.