经济转型视角下中国工业行业环境全要素生产率及增长动力分析

从工业行业存在技术异质特征出发,在全局DEA分析框架下,应用共同前沿理论的MML生产率指数,测度了2001~2012年我国工业行业环境全要素生产率的动态变化及分解构成,并采用动态GMM估计方法对其增长因素进行分析.结果表明: 2001~2012年36个工业行业的环境全要素生产率年均增长率为2.3%,工业环境全要素生产率的增长主要源于技术进步与规模效率的提升.环境全要素生产率呈现清洁型生产行业、中污染生产行业、污染密集型行业依次递减的发展格局,群组间技术差异整体上呈现缩减趋势;通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、烟草制品业是推动前沿面扩张的主力行业;增长动力分析显示,工业行业存在投入要素利用的规模经济,工业行业“国退民进”的产权改革与能源结构调整有利于环境全要素生产率的提升,资本深化对环境全要素生产率的提升影响微弱,FDI抑制了环境全要素生产率的增长,行业集中度与环境全要素生产率存在“倒U”型关系,不同群组的技术异质性导致了对环境全要素生产率产生不同影响.

Analysis of industrial environmental productivity and growth dynamic in China from the perspective of economic transformation

In this paper, based on the global DEA directional distance function and MML productivity index, environmental productivity and decomposition variables were measured by resources and environmental constraints of from 2001 to 2012 in China, and the driving factors of green productivity industries were analyzed by the dynamic GMM estimation methods. The main conclusions were as follows. The average growth rate of green productivity of 36 industrial sectors was 2.3% from 2001 to 2012, environmental total factor productivity was mainly due to the progress of green technology progress and scale efficiency. Environmental total factor productivity showed clean production industry, polluting industries, pollution intensive industries in descending order of the different development pattern. Between the technical differences of groups showed reduction in the overall trend. Communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry and Tobacco industry were pushing the outward expansion of the production frontier in each period. Dynamic analysis showed the scale economy of the input factors in the industrial sector. The reforms of Property Rights of industrial privatization and the adjustment of energy structure were conducive to enhancing the environmental productivity, capital deepening impacted on environmental productivity weakly. FDI inhibited the growth of environmental productivity, there was an inverted U - shaped relationship in environmental productivity efficiency and industry concentration. Heterogeneity of the technology of different groups had led to different effects on the environmental productivity.