氯甲烷泄露事故的环境风险影响与应急防范

氯甲烷作为一种重要的化工原料,易燃、易爆、有毒,且遇高热或火花时产生光气,是对生命和财产安全造成巨大威胁的危险化学品。氯甲烷伴生光气的性质在环境风险评价中容易被忽视,且国内目前缺乏对氯甲烷泄露事故风险的研究。以某石化装置的氯甲烷罐区为例,对最大可信事故,即氯甲烷管路泄露并伴生光气采用多烟团模式进行风险影响预测,分析事故影响范围并结合预测结果提出具有针对性的风险防范和应急处置措施,希望为涉及氯甲烷的项目的环境风险评价和风险应急管理提供借鉴。

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EFFECT OF METHYL CHLORIDE LEAKING ACCIDNET AND EMERGENCY PREVENTION MEASURES

Methyl chloride is an important chemical which has the property of flammable，explosive and toxic，it will produce carbonyl chloride in heat or sparks，and it’s a hazardous chemical that poses a great threat to the safety of life and property． Property of methyl chloride associated carbonyl chloride is easy to be neglected in environmental risk assessment，and it’s a lack of research on methyl chloride leak accident’s risk at present． Taking a petrochemical plant’s methyl chloride tank as an example，we used multipuff atmospheric diffusion model to predict the risk effect of the maximum credible accident that the chlorine methane leaks in pipeline and associated with carbonyl chloride，analyzed the extent of the accident，and proposed targeted risk prevention and emergency measures that combined with the prediction results． It's helpful in providing references for the environmental risk assessment and risk emergency management which relates to the methane chloride project．