矿山疏干水排放对流域水环境影响分析

矿山疏干水的排放势必对流域水环境系统形成一定的影响。胜利煤矿地处海拉尔河流域,设计疏干排水量为5 810.26 m3/d,拟排入海拉尔河的一个支流中,矿山疏干排水作为流域人工"源"项,其水质、水量的控制和排放口、排放时间的选择是水环境影响的主控因素。在检测疏干水水质的基础上,对拟排入河段的河势、流量、水质和水生动植物等水文水环境条件进行勘查,利用河道水文测站资料和不同河道断面的流域控制面积,引入SWAT水文模型,测算断面的流量过程,分析了在不同断面设置排入口时,矿山疏干水对流域水文、水环境、地下水以及第三者的影响,结果表明,最终确定的排入口不仅对海拉尔河流域水文和水环境影响甚微,而且在一定程度上会改善排入口所在支流水资源利用条件。

EFFECT ANALYSIS OF DISCHARGED MINING WATER FOR BASIN WATER ENVIRONMENT

Discharge of coal mining water may affect the water environment system to some extent． Shengli Coal Mine is located in Hailar River Basin，the coal mining water was designed to be discharged into the tributaries of the Hailar River， with a designed discharge rate of 5 810. 26 m3 /d． As a man-made source of the basin，its discharge water quality，quantity， outlet，and discharge time are the key factors in water environment control． Based on the drainage water quality，the field hydrology conditions，i． e． river regime， flow，water quality，aquatic animals and plants were investigated． Using of hydrological station data and different sections of the river basin control area，flow rates processes at different points were measured by SWAT hydrological model． At the same time，effects of coal mine water on basic hydrology，water environment， groundwater， and others were analyzed． The results showed that the mining water discharged into selected inlet not only has little impact on hydrology and water environment of Hailar River Basin，but also would improve the conditions of water resources utilization．