Biomagnification of anthropogenic and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds in a marine food web from Sydney Harbour, Australia |
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Authors: | Sara Losada Anthony Roach Laurence Roosens Francisco Javier Santos Maria Teresa Galceran Walter Vetter Hugo Neels Adrian Covaci |
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Affiliation: | 1. Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contaminants Section, Department of Environment and Climate Change, NSW, PO Box 29 Lidcombe NSW 1825, Australia;4. Institut für Lebensmittelchemie (170b), Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany;5. Laboratory of Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds, such as methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), have been scarcely studied in the Southern Hemisphere. Yet, sources of the latter group of compounds were found in Southern regions, specifically in Australia. The environmental distribution and biomagnification potential of organobrominated compounds were therefore investigated in a representative aquatic food chain (invertebrates and fish) from the Sydney Harbour, Australia. Mean PBDE concentrations ranged from 6.4 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in squid to 115 ng/g lw in flounder. BDE 47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDE 100. Mean levels of MeO-PBDEs (sum of congeners 2’-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47) were as high as 110 ng/g lw in tailor, with a slight dominance of 2’-MeO-BDE 68. Polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivates (PBHDs), another class of naturally-produced compounds, were found at variable concentrations and ranged from 4.7 ng/g lw in fanbelly and 146 ng/g lw in tailor. The tribrominated PBHD isomer dominated in the samples, except for luderick and squid. The lower levels of PBDEs found in luderick from the harbour compared to those obtained from the upper Parramatta River indicated a terrestrial (anthropogenic) origin of PBDEs, while the higher levels of MeO-PBDEs and PBHDs in the samples from the harbour confirmed the marine (natural) origin of these compounds. The highest trophic magnification factor (TMF) was found for sum PBDEs (3.9), while TMFs for sum MeO-PBDEs and sum PBHDs were 2.9 and 3.4, respectively. This suggests that biomagnification occurs in the studied aquatic food chain for anthropogenic brominated compounds, but also for the naturally-produced organobromines. |
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Keywords: | Biomagnification PBDEs Brominated natural compounds MeO-PBDEs PBHDs Fish Invertebrates Australia Food chain |
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