Fatal pedestrian crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;2. College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China;3. College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China;1. Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove 4059, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;2. Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty and Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, George St GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;3. Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health and Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 130 Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;4. Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), K Block K433, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove 4059, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;1. Center for Studies of Hong Kong, Macao and Pearl River Delta, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, China;2. Sun Yat-Sen Business School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, China;3. Department of Urban Planning, Columbia University, 1172 Amsterdam Avenue, NY, United States;4. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States;5. Traffic Management Bureau of Guangdong Provincial Security Department, Guangzhou, China;6. Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, ENG 311, Tampa, FL 33620, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, United States |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: More than 800 pedestrians die annually in crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States, but few studies have examined their characteristics. Method: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on pedestrians fatally injured during 2015–2017 were analyzed. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of pedestrians killed on interstates and other freeways with those that died on other roads, and across crash types among freeway deaths. Land use characteristics of locations where pedestrians were killed while crossing freeways in a large state (California) were identified using Google Earth. Results: A larger proportion of pedestrians killed on freeways died on dark and unlit roads (48% vs. 32%), were male (78% vs. 68%), or were ages 20–44 (55% vs. 32%) compared with pedestrians killed on other roads. Crossing (42%) was the most common crash type among pedestrian deaths on freeways, followed by disabled-vehicle-related crashes (18%). Pedestrians who died while crossing more often had blood alcohol concentrations ≥ 0.08 g/dL (40%) than those in disabled-vehicle-related (22%) or other crashes (34%). Deaths in crossing crashes were more likely than other freeway deaths to occur on urban roads (81%), at speed limits ≤50 mph (13%), or between 18:00 and 23:59 (49%), and 58% of crossing crashes analyzed for land use were located between residential and other (e.g., commercial, recreational) uses. Over a third (37%) of deaths in disabled-vehicle-related crashes occurred at speed limits ≥70 mph. Conclusions: A surprising proportion of pedestrian deaths occur on controlled-access roads not designed for walking. Countermeasures for these crashes need to be implemented to see meaningful reductions in pedestrian fatalities overall. Practical applications: Improving roadway and vehicle lighting, requiring reflective warning devices for marking disabled vehicles, constructing pedestrian overpasses and underpasses in areas frequently crossed, and promoting alternative means of traveling between residential and commercial areas could help. |
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| Keywords: | Pedestrian fatalities Interstates and other freeways Comparisons Characteristics Land use Contributing factors Countermeasures |
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