灾害应急管理全过程模型构建与分析

纵览应急管理相关研究,宏观层面仍较集中于"一案三制",微观层面则较偏好于用不同方法分析不同行业的应急管理问题,对应急管理全过程的理论与思想创新研究较少。为了能给应急管理研究提供一个新的视角,凸显应急管理全过程控制的重要性和可行性。研究从时间和资源维度,以高效预防、及时应对、有序恢复三个过程为着力点,通过界定应急管理系统相关要素,设定不同类型灾害中个体和政府部门在不同阶段的作用;引入保护行动决策模型(PADM)和国民经济集成动员(NEIM)模型及思想,分析其对应急管理全过程的作用和影响,并以此构建响应行动与动员预案实施模型;最后综合三阶段特征构建灾害应急管理全过程模型。

Construction and Analysis of the Whole Process Model of Disaster Emergency Management

After analyzing the related research of emergency management, it is still focused on one case & three systems on the macro level, and more inclined to analyze the emergency management problems in different industries by different methods on the micro-level. There is little research on the theory and ideological innovation in the whole process of emergency management. In order to provide a new perspective for emergency management research and highlight the importance and feasibility of the whole process control of emergency management, from the perspective of efficient prevention, timely response and orderly recovery, as well as the dimension of time and resources, firstly define the relevant elements of the emergency management system, put forward the phase during disaster is intersection between the pre-disaster and post-disaster; secondly set the role of individuals and government departments in different stages and different types of disasters; thirdly introduce Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) and National Economy Integrated Mobilization (NEIM), expound its function and influence on the whole process of emergency management, and then construct the model of response action and mobilization plan implement; and finally summarize the characteristic of three phases and construct the whole process model of disaster emergency management.