作物对干旱胁迫的响应过程与早期识别技术研究进展

作物干旱是干旱灾害的主要表现形式之一,严重影响着全球范围的粮食产量。为了积极应对干旱灾害影响,实施对作物干旱的早期精准预警是最行之有效的手段。该文综述了国内外已开展的作物对干旱胁迫的响应过程研究进展,包括干旱临近—发生阶段作物根系、气孔、叶水势等对早期干旱响应的敏感信号和指标;干旱发生—发展阶段中光合作用、蒸腾作用、叶绿素荧光参数、同化代谢与干物质累积等对干旱的响应过程;干旱发展—结束过程中的复水效应与干旱影响损失定量模拟评估技术等;梳理了农业干旱监测预警综合系统的发展和应用情况、农业干旱监测和预警指标种类和应用情况、农业干旱遥感监测方法以及作物干旱地面监测与识别技术等相关成果。探讨了未来通过开展作物对干旱应激响应的生理生态过程机制研究,进而准确捕捉到作物响应干旱胁迫的早期信号,为实现作物干旱的早期识别、提前预警和应对作物干旱灾害的不良影响提供依据。

Advance in the Response Process of Crops and Early Identification Technologies to Drought Stress

Crop drought is one of the major forms of drought disaster,seriously affecting the production of food crops in China or even in the world.In order to actively addressing the adverse effects of drought disaster,it is an effective means to implement accurate early warning of crop drought.This review summarizes the domestic and foreign researchers about the response processes of crops to drought stress,including the responses of crop roots,stomata,leaf water potential and other sensitive signals and indicators to early drought during the drought proximityoccurring stage;the response of photosynthesis,transpiration,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,assimilation metabolism and accumulation of dry matter to drought during the drought occurring-onset stage;the advances on the re-watering effects of crops during the drought onset-remove stage and the quantitative simulation of the drought effects.It reviewed the development and application of agricultural drought monitoring and early warning comprehensive systems,the types and applications of agricultural drought monitoring and early warning indicators,agricultural drought remote sensing monitoring methods,and crop drought monitoring and identification technologies.Finally,future research prospects on the accurate capture of the warning signals of crop drought based on the mechanism of physiological and ecological processes responding to drought stress,which could provide a scientific basis for early identification,early warning of crop drought and tackling the adverse effects of drought disaster.