城市避难场所相关研究进展与展望

在阅读大量国内外文献基础上，对避难场所相关概念进行归纳总结，梳理避难场所相关研究的脉络，分析避难场所相关研究的演变与发展。重点对评价和选址两大研究主题进行深入探讨与归纳总结。已有研究成果较为丰富，但仍存在不足之处。目前，避难场所相关概念较多，尚无共识。已有研究对象多局限于绿地，而对城市中其他能够保障居民灾时安全的开敞空间挖掘不够。空间布局研究较为零散，方法有待更新，评价结果难以深入到城市内部空间结构，且忽略了居民避难行为的影响力。未来应①着力探索高效、规范的识别方法，明确城市中能真正保障居民灾时安全的避难空间；②强化灾害行为学研究，基于居民灾时行为特征进行避难空间评价与选址；③探讨避难空间在大城市蔓延与土地利用系统变化过程中的空间布局、演变特征与驱动力。

Research Progress and Prospect of Urban Shelters

On the basis of a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the relevant concepts of refuge are summarized and combed, and the evolution and development of relevant research on refuge are analyzed. Emphasis is laid on the in-depth discussion and summary of the two major research topics of evaluation and site selection. Research results are abundant, but shortcomings are still existed here and there. At present, there are many concepts related to shelters, and there is no consensus. Most of the existing research objects are limited to green space, but there is not enough excavation of other open space in cities to ensure the safety of residents during disasters. The research on spatial layout is scattered, and the methods need to be updated. The evaluation results are difficult to penetrate into the urban internal spatial structure, and the influence of residents’ refuge behavior is neglected. In the future, efforts should be made to explore efficient and standardized identification methods to clarify the shelter space that can truly guarantee the safety of residents in disaster situations;to strengthen the study of disaster behavior, to evaluate and locate the shelter space based on the behavior characteristics of residents in disaster situations;and to explore the process of the spread of shelter space in large cities and the change of land use system. Spatial layout, evolution characteristics and driving forces.