西北地区气候因素与北京市沙尘天气的关系研究

利用西北地区气象台站资料以及北京市沙尘天气资料,根据西北地区的气候状况对气候影响指数进行了一定的改进,分析了西北地区气候因素与北京市沙尘天气的关系.结果表明,在2001~2010年10年间,受全国沙尘天气过程的影响,北京市在2001、2002和2006年的沙尘天气日数均超过了30d,其中在2001年全年沙尘天气日数达到了39d;西北地区D指数年平均值的高值区位于盆地和沙漠地带,春季平均值最高,为2.0,冬季次之,为0.9,夏季为0.8,秋季最小,为0.59;在D指数与沙尘天气的相关性分析中,宁夏地区的相关性系数平均值为0.84,甘肃地区相关性系数为0.82,陕西为0.81,青海为0.78,新疆为0.74,内蒙古地区为0.72;西北和北路传输路径对北京市沙尘天气的影响更大,毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原交界地以及内蒙古浑善达克沙地附近地区气候影响指数与沙尘天气日数呈现显著正相关,相关性系数达0.9,该地区气候对于北京市沙尘天气的发生有较大的影响.

Relationship between climate factors in Northwest China and the sandstorm in Beijing

Based on the observational data from meteorological stations in Northwest and Beijing’s sandstorm information, the climate influence index D was modified according to the climate conditions in Northwest China, and the relationship of climate influence index D in Northwest and sandstorm occurrences in Beijing was analysed. The results showed that: From 2001 to 2010, the sandstorm occurrences days in Beijing was over 30days in 2001, 2002 and 2006, which was effected by the sandstorm process in China, and the sandstorm occurrences days was 39 in 2001. The annual average of high values of index D in Northwest were located in Basin and Desert region, and during the spring period, the average of D value was the highest in the four season, the value was 2.0, followed by the winter, the value was 0.9, the summer D value was 0.8 and the autumn was 0.59. The correlation analysis of index D and the sandstorm occurrence shows that, the average correlation coefficient in Ningxia was 0.84, Gansu was 0.82, Shanxi was 0.81, Qinghai was 0.78, Xinjiang was 0.74, Inner-Mongolia was 0.72. The sandstorm from northwest pathway and north pathway were greater impact on Beijing’s sandstorm occurrence, the correlation shows a significant positive relationship between the index D of the border zone of Maowusu Desert, the Loess Plateau and Hunshandake Sandland with Beijing’s sandstorm, the correlation coefficient was 0.9, the climate of these areas had a significant effect on the occurrence of sandstorm in Beijing.