江西千烟洲开发治理的基本经验

江西省的吉泰盆地是长江流域一系列红岩盆地之一,土地总面积为2807万亩,丘陵岗地占57.2%,其中开发利用条件较好的红壤低丘有500多万亩。为了开发利用这些荒芜多年的丘陵土地,江西省、吉安地区以及泰和县的有关领导部门决定在吉泰盆地自然资源综合考察与泰和县综合农业区划的基础上,选择代表性较强的泰和县东部灌溪乡的千烟洲进行生产性开发治理试验。从1983年起,由江西省科委与中国科学院南方山区考察队合作编制了《千烟洲土地利用规划》,并由吉泰盆地农业资源开发利用试验研究中心组织实施。

THE BASIC EXPERIENCE OF EXPLOITATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF QIANYIAN ZHOU

Qianyianzhou is a red soil and low hilly land, which used to be a poor and needy and less developed area, woodless, waterdeficient, low-yield, and with lots of wasteland, single-product economy.Academia Sinica, the Investigation Team of Southern Hilly Area, in cooperation with the Committee of Sciences of Jiangxi province, proposed in 1983 a programme for land use and compiled the 《Programme for use of Qianyianzhou》 on the basis of integrated investigation of natural resources and agricultural division.Through the practice of three years, the woodland and fruit tree land have been increased from 0.4% in 1982 to 80.1% in 1985. The net income per capita increased by 1.2 times. The profit of state investment is about two times of the loan interest. Both the investor and developers have received really benefit from it.The principal reason for the success in exploitation and management of Qianyianzhou is that adhering to the principle of relative consistency of ecological effect with economic benefit and analysing in some detail their superiority and characteristics. They choose carefully their leading products, turned the river-valley-agriculture of the grain as the main body into stereo-agriculture of wood and fruit tree as the main body, which emphasizes both the hills and th river-valley. For this reason a series favorable conditions have been created, and they ran along a quite different way from the past. The basic experince can be summarized as follows:(1) The stereo-agricultural structure system has been established, which takes superior products as the main body. Thus, a proper balance of the relationship between hills, watershed and cropland is maintained.(2) The developing policy has been determined, that is, taking application as the aim management as the means and combining these two. So an effective way has been found to solve the relationship between preservation management and exploitation, utilization.(3) The developing strategy has been confirmed, that :s providing middle-term with shon term and providing long-term with middle-term, and combining short with long. Thus the relationship between the immediate interests and long-term interests has been put in ordere.(4) The subsidization form of the paid-invenstment and contracted responsibilities, which grants a support before earning the profit, has been chosen. So the relationship between investor's benefit and developer's one.