农药对土壤微生物群落的副作用的研究方法(Methods for Detecting Side-Effect of Pesticides to Soil Microbial Communities)

微生物群落在保持土壤肥力和对外界适应能力方面起着十分重要的作用.随着农药的广泛应用和农药评估体系的建立与完善,人们越来越关注农药对土壤微生物群落的负面影响,并且尝试用多种方法进行研究.虽然对其中任何一种方法的使用,均有助于提高人们对农药副作用的认识,但是使用少数几种方法所获得的信息,已能够满足风险评估的最低要求.论文以农药风险评估的"资料要求"为依据,对"资料要求"中涉及的"碳转化"和"氮转化"两种室内试验的特点和设计思路进行了分析.此外还简要介绍了国内外农药管理部门在土壤微生物风险评估中常用的几种模型,并探讨了这些模型与具体试验方法之间的关联.从文中可以看出,对于农药的土壤微生物影响,现已建立起了比较规范化的室内测定方法,目前缺乏的是与风险评估模型相配套的田间试验方法或准则.

Methods for Detecting Side-Effect of Pesticides to Soil Microbial Communities

Soil microflora plays important role in maintaining soil fertility and its capacity against outside strikes.Along with extensive application of pesticides and with establishment and improvement of pesticide evaluating frameworks,sideeffects of pesticides on soil microflora have been attracting more and more concern.Various methods have been developed to investigate the possible effects of pesticides on soil microflora.Each of the methods has its own specific contribution towards an all-sided recognition of the effects,only a few of them,however,are believed to be able to provide adequate data for risk assessment.Based on "data requirement"put foreword by administrative departments both at home and from abroad,the present paper summarized characters and thoughtfulness for designation of two of the laboratory tests included in "data requirement",i.e.,incubation systems,methods for detection,and so on.In addition to that,some evaluating schemes,which were accepted nowadays by state and international administrative departments,were briefly introduced,and relations of these schemes with their related test methods were discussed.One can see from this paper that scientific methods for laboratory studies on impact of pesticides on soil microflora have already been established.What are in urging need are methods or guidelines for field investigation of the impacts to cooperate with risk assessments.