佛山市发展公交车尾气削减潜力分析

采用COPERTⅣ模型计算佛山市公交车、摩托车和小型客车排放因子,结合保有量、年平均行驶里程计算其排放量,对佛山市公交车出行环境效果及尾气削减潜力进行情景分析。结果表明:2011年佛山市公交车CO、VOC、NOx和PM的排放量为804.57、283.85、3 365.32和73.00 t。单人单次公交车出行CO和VOC的排放量较摩托车和小型客车低,但NOx则较高。公交车载客人数从17人上升至25、35、45人,单人单次出行每公里排放量分别下降32.00%、51.43%和57.50%。佛山市低排放标准的柴油公交车全部更换成国Ⅳ排放标准柴油车,CO、VOC、NOx和PM的年排放量分别削减611.66、151.6、1 231.18和58.39 t。EEV标准天然气公交车替代柴油公交车可减少NOx和PM的排放,但对VOC的削减并无优势。佛山市现有柴油公交车更换成EEV标准天然气公交车,CO、NOx和PM的年排放量分别削减293.71 t、2 086.87 t和70.34 t,但VOC的年排放量升高228.01 t。

Emission Reduction Potentiality by Developing Buses in Foshan

Emission factors of buses,motorcycles and passenger cars of Foshan City,Guangdong Province were calculated with COPERT Ⅳ model integrated with information regarding amounts and annual mileages,case analysis was done for their emission,environmental effects and emissions reduction potentiality of buses.Results indicated that buses emission in Foshan in 2011 was 804.57 t CO,283.85 t VOC,3 365.32 t NO x and 73.00 t PM.Emissions of CO and VOC of buses were less than that of motorcycles and passenger cars,but emission of NO x was more.Emission of buses for one person travelling one kilometer would decrease by 32.00%,51.43% and 57.50% by increasing the number of passengers from 17 to 25,35 and 45.Annual emissions could be reduced by 611.66 t CO,151.6 t VOC,1,231.18 t NO x and 58.39 t PM respectively by changing all the emission standard of diesel buses from lower to Euro Ⅳ.Annual emissions could be reduced by 293.71 t CO,2 086.87 t NO x and 70.34 t PM by changing diesel buses to environmentally-friendly vehicle(EEV) CNG buses,but annual emissions of VOC increased by 228.01 t.