上海市电力CO_2排放特征及减排途径分析

电力作为一种二次能源,不同发电方式和发电技术的电力CO2排放系数差别很大。研究发现,上海市2009年电力消费侧的CO2排放高于电力生产侧1 551万t,即上海市净调入电力的CO2排放为1 551万t,可见外来电CO2排放的正确测算对全市及各终端消费部门的CO2排放有重要影响。从排放系数来看,消费侧的CO2排放系数只有生产侧排放系数的81%,得益于外来电中可再生能源比例高于本地电力。2009年由于外来电的引入,上海市电力消费避免了178万t的CO2排放。就火力发电而言,上海市单位发电能耗和CO2排放略低于华东电网平均值,远高于世界先进水平,还有很大下降空间。基于以上研究,从提高火力发电的能效、发展可再生能源、发展分布式供能和其他新能源技术、建设智能电网等方面提出上海市减缓电力CO2排放的途径。

CO2 Emission Characteristics of Electricity and Reduction Pathway Analysis in Shanghai

Electricity as a kind of secondary energy,its CO2 emission factor is different due to distinct generation means and generation technologies.It was found that electricity CO2 emission of consumption-side was 15.51 million tons higher than that of production-side of Shanghai in 2009,which means CO2 emissions of introducing electricity from other cities were 15.51 million tons,and accurate calculation of outside-electricity CO2 emissions are important for Shanghai and every final consumption sectors.Electricity CO2 emission factor of consumption-side is only 81% of production-side,thanks to the renewable energy in outside electricity is more than that in local.The introduction of outside electricity has avoided 1.78 million tons of CO2 emissions from electricity consumption in Shanghai.In terms of thermal power,energy consumption and CO2 emissions of per unit electricity of Shanghai are slightly lower than average of East China Power Grid,but far higher than the world advanced level.There is a great space for decline.Based on the research,the way to slow down electricity CO2 emissions were put forward from the improving energy efficiency of thermal power,the development of renewable energy,distributed energy supply and other new energy technologies,and construction of smart grid.