基于水质目标的流域排放管控模式与案例研究

改善流域水质是目前我国生态环境治理的重要议题，然而我国目前的流域水污染排放管控体系和手段还存在诸多不足，在流域尺度还未形成一套系统性的水污染管控体系。本研究提出了一种基于水环境质量目标的流域排放管控体系，构建了三种具有一定普适性的排放管控模式，并以成都江安河流域为案例开展实证研究，对比了三种模式在固定源排放管控方面的差异性和适用性。结果表明，本研究提出的管控模式能很好地实现水质达标目的，并能够不同程度地提高不同时段水环境容量的利用率。在相同的边界条件下，流域标准管控模式的方案和流域精细管控模式的方案对于固定源的逐月允许排放量分别为流域简化管控模式的1.3~1.6倍和1.5~2.0倍。

Management and Control Methods for Basin-scale Pollution Discharge Based on Water Quality Target and the Case Study

To improve the basin water quality is an important issue in China''s current environmental governance. However, there are still shortcomings in China''s current water pollution control system and methods. On the basin scale, a systematic water pollution control system based on water quality targets has not yet been formed. This study proposed a basin-scale discharge control system based on water quality targets and three approaches of emission control for stationary source. The empirical study was carried out in the Jiang''an River Basin in Chengdu, and the three approaches were put into practice and compared. The results showed that three different control modes could effectively achieve water quality targets and improve the utilization efficiency of water environment capacity in different periods. Under the same boundary condition, the monthly permissible emission load of stationary source by standard control mode and fine control mode were 1.3-1.6 times and 15-2.0 times of the simplified control mode, respectively.