土壤调理剂对稻米中镉含量及其品质的影响

近年来土壤调理剂被大量投入到重金属污染农田治理修复中,大部分产品使用后可以达到农产品质量安全的效果,但对农产品品质影响方面关注较少。选取市面上销量较大的4种(A、B、C、D)土壤调理剂,通过早、晚两造水稻大田验证试验结果来评价调理剂对水稻生长的影响,对指导实际安全生产具有重要的意义。结果表明,施用土壤调理剂可以增加水稻产量,增幅在2%—6%之间;使稻米的镉含量降低18%—48%,调理剂的增产控Cd效果表现为早稻均优于晚稻。稻米中直链淀粉含量有不同程度的增加,晚稻效果更加明显,含量均处于国家优质米直链淀粉含量(14%—20%)之间。各处理稻米蛋白质含量均有提高,晚稻稻米中蛋白质含量整体高于早稻。施用调理剂可以增加稻米矿物质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn在稻米中的积累,其中调理剂C对提高早稻稻米Ca、Cu、Zn含量效果最好;调理剂B对提高早稻稻米Mg、Fe、Mn含量效果最好,且也有利于提高晚稻稻米Fe含量;调理剂A对提高晚稻Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn效果最好;调理剂D对提高晚稻稻米铜元素含量效果最好。相关性分析结果表明,稻米中6种矿物质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn均与稻米中Cd含量呈现负相关关系,并达到显著或极显著水平,说明提高稻米中矿物质元素含量能有效抑制镉向稻米中转移。

Effects of Soil Amendment on Rice Cadmium Uptake and Quality

Recent years,large number of soil amendments have been put into the remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland.Most of the products can achieve quality safety of agricultural product.However,at present,the impact of amendments on agricultural product quality has been less focused.Therefore,it is of great importance to evaluate the comprehensive effects of amendments through field tests for the sake of safe production.Results showed:the treatment of A,B,C and D amendments helped increase the yield of rice.The yield increased by 2%–6%compared with CK.Amendments could reduce the cadmium content in rice 18%–48%.Amylose content in rice treated with various amendments had differ increase.The effect of late rice was more obvious,and the content of amylose was between14%–20%in national high quality rice.The protein content of rice increased with each treatment,and the protein content of late rice was higher than that of early rice.The application of amendments could accelerate the accumulation of mineral elements such as calcium,magnesium,copper,zinc,iron and manganese in rice.Among them,amendment C had the best effect on increasing calcium,copper and zinc contents in early rice.Amendment B had the best effect on increasing the content of magnesium,iron and manganese in early rice,and also had the best effect on increasing the content of iron in late rice.Amendment A had the best effect on increasing calcium,magnesium,zinc and manganese in late rice.Amendment D had the best effect on increasing copper content in late rice.The contents of mineral elements calcium,magnesium,copper,zinc,iron and manganese in rice were significantly negatively correlated with cadmium in rice,which indicated that increasing mineral elements in rice could help inhibit the transfer of cadmium to rice.