An improved procedure for analysis of PM10 filters by X-ray powder diffraction |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, México DF, CP 04510, Mexico;2. Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, México DF, CP 04510, Mexico;1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Health Effects, Benefits, and Air Toxics Center, Assessment and Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China;1. Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;2. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China;4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China |
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| Abstract: | Speciation results from earlier methods of quantitative analysis of TSP, dichotomous, and PM10 filters for compounds by XRD were often marginal to unacceptable because of very light loadings and the interfering effects of substrate fibres in cases of ultrasonic extraction and concentration. A method for analysis of very lightly loaded PM10 filters has been developed, using ultrasonic particle stripping, X-ray transmission of unloaded blank filters, substrate diffraction X-ray analysis, and mass absorption balance, along with the usual X-ray diffraction scanning. Analysis of a set of filters having less than 105 μg m cm−2 sample load is used to illustrate the improved procedure. |
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