Determining the acidity and chemical composition of fog,haze and cloud droplets in Israel |
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| Institution: | 1. Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, 5597-1 Kenmarubi, Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan;2. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;1. Geochemistry and Environmental Department, Goma Volcano Observatory, 142, Av. Du Rond-point, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo;2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università Degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;1. Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, PR China;2. Panzhihua International School of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua College, Panzhihua, 617000, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The chemistry and acidity of individual droplets were analyzed in samples of fog, haze and cloud collected at Tel Aviv University on the Mediterranean seacoast and at the top of Mt Meron and of Mt Carmel in northern Israel. Acidity was measured using pH paper in a cascade impactor. The characteristics of droplets and interstitial particles 0.3–20.0 μm in size were identified using microspot and electron microscopy techniques.The results revealed the following: (1) the aerosols in the micrometer and sub-micrometer range were mostly very acidic droplets, with pH as low as 2.0, caused by the presence of sulfuric acid; (2) lower acidity was associated with an increase in droplet size, due to dilution by condensation or nucleation scavenging of mineral dust, i.e. gypsum, calcite and dolomite; (3) both acidic and alkaline droplets contained significant amounts of sulfur; and (4) the alkaline droplets contained minerals and salt solutions of Na2SO4, CaSO4, or NaCl. |
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