Measurement and evaluation of acid air pollutants in Chicago using an annular denuder system |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China;2. Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China;4. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;5. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;6. Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xi''an, Shaanxi 710017, China;7. Meteorological Station in Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China;1. Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;2. Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China;3. State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex, Shanghai, 200233, China;1. School of Food and Agriculture Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;2. Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia;3. CSIRO Agriculture, PMB No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The cyclone/annular denuder/filter pack sampling system (ADS) was used to collect and evaluate ambient air pollutants in Chicago. Eighty-one 12-h samples, equally divided into day/night intervals, were collected from April 1990 to March 1991. The chemical species measured were HNO3, HNO2, SO2 and NH3 in the gas phase, and SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and H+ in the particulate phase.The ADS data were collected simultaneously with PM10 samples. The particulate matter was analysed for elemental composition. These compositions were combined with the ADS observations and subjected to evaluation using a chemical mass balance receptor model (CMB). From the CMB analysis, the sum of the contributions from soil (15%), mobile (14%), incinerator (2%), coal (0.6%), steel (0.3%) and refinery (0.2%) was 32% of the PM10. NO3−, which was not included in the fingerprints, represented an additional 9% of the PM10. Residual SO42− and residual organic carbon, possibly formed in the atmosphere, represented an additional 22 and 20% of the PM10, respectively, leaving only 17% from other unidentified sources. From the standpoint of source contributions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, coal combustion (23%) and refinery emissions (23%) are the major contributors of ambient sulfur (with 49% from unidentified sources). Mobile sources (87%) contributed most of the ambient nitrogen (with only 2% from unidentified sources). |
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