潜流人工湿地演变对废水中有机物、氮及磷去除的影响

众多研究表明,潜流人工湿地对污水的处理效果明显高于自由表面流型湿地,但实验研究表明潜流人工湿地因堵塞而逐渐演变为自由表面流人工湿地后,其对有机物(COD、TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除效果优于具有相同填料及植物的潜流人工湿地.通过实验室培养实验,以考察人工湿地演变对有机物的矿化、硝化/反硝化作用、氮及磷去除的影响.结果表明,与潜流人工湿地相比,演变后的自由表面流人工湿地对有机物的矿化率(以TOC表示)为1.82 mg·h-1,高于潜流湿地的1.49 mg·h-1;对NO3-去除率为96.8%,高于潜流湿地的58.1%;非生物脱硝去除率为40%,高于潜流湿地的28.2%;演变后对磷的吸附量(以P计)为160 mg·kg-1,高于潜流湿地的140 mg·kg-1,对磷的去除主要为填料吸附,有机物的覆盖有利于磷去除;但演变后的自由表面流人工湿地的硝化作用能力低于潜流湿地.因此,人工湿地演变对其效能有重要影响.

Effect of the Subsurface Constructed Wetland Evolution into Free Surface Flow Constructed Wetland on the Removal of Organic Matter, Nitrogen, and Phosphor in Wastewater

Many previous studies demonstrated that the performance of the subsurface constructed wetlands (SSCW) for wastewater treatment was superior to that of the free flow surface constructed wetlands (FFSCW). However, our results indicated that the performance of FFSCW derived from the evolution of SSCW due to clogging for COD, TOC, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphor (TP) removal was higher than those of SSCW with the same substrate and plant. The laboratory culture experiments were adopted to evaluate the effect of the constructed wetland evolution on the organic matter mineralization, nitrification/denitrification as well as removal of nitrogen and phosphor. It was shown that, after evolution of SSCW into FFSCW, the mineralization rate for organic matter (as TOC) was 1.82 mg·h^-1, and it was 1.49 mg·h^-1 for SSCW. The removal efficiency for NO₃^- was 96.8%, and it was 58.1% for SSCW. The abiotic denitrification removal efficiency was 40%, and it was 28.2% for SSCW. In addition, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of the substrate after evolution for phosphor (as P) was 160 mg·kg^-1, and it was 140 mg·kg^-1 for SSCW substrate. The organic coverage of the substrate was found to be beneficial to phosphor removal. The nitrification ability decreased after evolution. These results suggest the important effect of constructed wetland evolution on its performance.