Jet Fires Involving Releases of Crude Oil,Gas and Water |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK;2. Advantica, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK;3. Shell Global Solutions, Cheshire Innovation Park, Thornton, Chester, Cheshire, UK;1. Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK;2. University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;3. Health and Safety Executive, Redgrave Court, Merton Road, Bootle, L20 7HS, UK;1. College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China;2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;2. Beijing Research Center of Urban System Engineering, Beijing, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;2. College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China;3. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA |
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| Abstract: | A Joint Industry Project was undertaken to study releases representative of those that could occur on offshore installations involving well-stream fluids either at the wellhead or during processing. The project involved a programme of large-scale jet fire experiments to investigate releases involving mixtures of crude oil and gas (simulating ‘live’ crude) and water. Seven oil and gas companies and the UK Health and Safety Executive sponsored the work that was undertaken by Advantica and Shell Global Solutions at the Spadeadam Test Site, Cumbria, UK. The results demonstrate that the presence of water modifies, significantly, the size, shape, thermal characteristics and stability of a jet fire. For an equivalent release of fuel, the distance from the release point within which flame impingement could occur is slightly increased. However, the overall size of the flame, the temperatures within the flame and the overall heat loading to objects within the flame are reduced. The results also indicate that the flame is extinguished if the water content of the well-stream fluid reaches about 55% by mass. Some well-stream fluids contain a lot of water, in some cases up to 80% by mass, and these will not produce jet fires. |
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