Waste from road transport: development of a model to predict waste from end-of-life and operation phases of road vehicles in Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 458, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. INFRAS, Muhlemattstrasse 45 CH-3007, Bern, Switzerland;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;1. Dept. of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), University of Padova, Lungargine Rovetta 8, 35127 Padova, Italy;2. Dept of Land, Environment and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;3. ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, RC Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;4. Dept. of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy;5. Dept. of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy;1. Gazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Environmental and Technical Research of Accidents, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey;2. Gazi University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Machine Design, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Environmental Strategies Research, FMS, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Centre for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Architecture and Sustainable Design, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents the model developed within the TRENDS (TRansport and ENvironment Database System) project for the prediction of waste produced from road vehicles, both at their end-of-life and during vehicle operation. The model covers passenger cars and light-duty commercial vehicles on a detailed level, and heavy-duty vehicles and buses with less detail. The computer model forecasts the waste produced by road transport in Europe from 1990 to 2020 in annual steps. In analogy to the well-known emission factors, which indicate the amount of airborne emissions per kilometre travelled by a vehicle, so-called waste factors were derived which express the amount of waste produced, both per vehicle kilometre (for waste from vehicle operation), and per vehicle scrapped (for waste from end-of-life vehicles). Waste factors depend on the technology stage (EURO I, II, etc.) of the vehicles in order to reflect the rapid change in technology and in the material composition of vehicles over the last decades. Materials covered are ferrous (iron, steel) and non-ferrous metals (aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury), various plastics and various kinds of operating liquids (lubricants, engine oil). On the side of the vehicle components, batteries and tires are included. Activity data needed for the forecast of the total annual waste production, such as the number of scrapped vehicles and the annual mileage per vehicle category and EU member country, were obtained from the so-called Road Transport model of TRENDS. Model results are presented for all material components as well as tires for the entire EU15 as time series from 1990 to 2020. They were validated against data originating from various sources, including the European Environment Agency and the European Tyre Recycling Association. Finally, methods for the future enhancement of the quality of the model forecasts are discussed. |
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