Venting of Low Pressure Hydrogen Gas: A Critique of the Literature |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, PR China;2. School of Intelligent Engineering, Shenyang City University, Shenyang 110112, Liaoning, PR China;3. Shandong Tianbao Chemical Industry Corporation, Pingyi 273300, Shandong, PR China;4. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China;2. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China;3. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China;4. Anhui International Joint Research Center on Hydrogen Safety, Hefei, 230009, China;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany;2. Pro-Science, Ettlingen, Germany;3. Air Liquide CRCD, Jouy en Josas, France;1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China;2. Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 211106, China;3. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;4. Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China;1. College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China;2. State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, PR China;3. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection, Hefei 230022, PR China;4. State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities, Hefei 230022, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The use of hydrogen is increasing in industrial processes, and its use is likely to increase further with its potential use as an energy carrier. The venting of hydrogen is inevitable at some time for almost all uses, and its propensity to ignite makes it essential that safe venting regimes are understood. The options for disposal by dilution to below the lower flammable limit, inerting, dispersion of flammable concentrations and flaring are discussed, along with the potential for ignition of releases within the flammable range and the subsequent need for flame extinguishing. The available literature on the protection of vents from external ignition is critically examined, to determine the appropriate parameters to allow selection of a disposal method. A decision-tree is presented to allow a rational appraisal of the most appropriate disposal method to be selected and precautions to be applied for adequate protection of the vent. |
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