Life-cycle analysis of emissions from fuel ethanol and blends in Australian heavy and light vehicles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CSIRO Environmental Risk Network, CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia;2. Centre for Design, RMIT, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia;1. University of Western Australia, Australia;2. Department of Environment and Conservation and the CRC for Future Farming Industries, Australia;3. Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre, Australia;1. School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Queensland 4701, Australia;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia;1. National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand;2. Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand;3. Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tokyo City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 224-8551, Japan;4. The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;2. Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK;1. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;3. Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK |
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| Abstract: | Because carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of a renewable fuel are not anthropogenic greenhouse gases, there are significant greenhouse gas benefits in using ethanol that is derived from sugar or wheat, especially from waste feedstock. However, if the ethanol is used as an additive (as in diesohol or petrohol) then some of these greenhouse gas benefits are lost because ethanol is less efficient as a fuel.The vapour pressure of petrohol is higher than that of either petrol or ethanol, so that it is unclear whether there are, or are not, air quality benefits associated with the use of ethanol.A measurement program that surveys a significant proportion of E10 alternative fuel vehicles should be undertaken, along with a parallel program to test the emission variations that result from the changes in the petrol. The performance of overseas models in relation to the Australian situation is unknown, and a combined modelling and measurement program is needed to determine its validity. |
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