Experimental simulation of airbag deployment for pipeline closing |
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| Institution: | 1. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, P.O. Box 359960, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States;2. Department of Plastic Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104-1520, United States;3. Department of Trauma Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104-1520, United States;1. L.M.S.E. Laboratory, Mouloud Mammeri University, Po Box 17 RP 15000, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria;2. CERTES-IUT Laboratory, Paris Est Créteil University, 61 Av. Général de Gaulle, 94010 Paris Créteil, France;3. Matière Système Complexe Laboratory, Paris Denis Diderot University, UMR 7057 CNRS 75013 Paris, France;1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MSC03 2040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;2. University of Aberdeen, School of Geosciences, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK;3. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, China;4. Desert Research Institute, Division of Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA;1. Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan;2. Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering Director of Ujigawa Hydraulics Laboratory, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Small scale tests were carried out at ISL's shock tube facility STA (100 mm inner diameter) to study the problem of closing a pipeline by means of an airbag in case of explosions or gas leakages. Experiments were carried out to simulate the flow in a pipeline at velocities and gas pressures as present in pipeline flows. In this study the gas used was nitrogen at static pressures of 0.2 up to 5 MPa and at flow velocities of 25 m/s up to 170 m/s. A special Nylon airbag, deployed from the tube wall into the pipe, was used to simulate the airbag inflation in a real pipeline. For this purpose a special gas filling system consisting of a gas generator with a reservoir volume of up to 500 cm3 which permits air pressures up to 17 MPa to be generated inside the airbag was developed at ISL. With a fast pyrotechnically opened valve the reservoir gas was released for airbag filling. The airbag inflation was triggered in such a way that it opened in nearly 3 ms into the pipe flow generated by the shock tube and continued for about 10 ms. For this application a special measuring chamber was designed and constructed with 20 measuring ports. Through two window ports, located one in front of the other, the airbag inflation could be visualized with up to 50 successive flash sparks illuminating a fast rotating film inside a drum camera. Pressure measurements using commercially available PCB pressure gauges at 9 measuring ports placed along the inner tube surface gave some hints on the behaviour of the wall pressure during airbag deployment. As a result from the experiments performed it is to conclude, that, with the Nylon airbag samples available, the pipe flow cannot be blocked by the inflating airbag. The flow forces acting on the airbag during deployment are in the shock tube experiments of the order of about 1000 N, which are not balanced by the airbags' neck, fixing it to the shock tube wall. This outcome suggests that a mechanical support is required to fix the airbag in its place during inflation. |
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