2013年1月南京北郊霾天气溶胶的光学特性

2013年1月南京出现了长时间、大范围和高浓度的灰霾. 利用三波长光声黑碳光度计(PASS-3)对南京北郊气溶胶的吸收和散射系数进行实时在线原位观测. 结果表明,霾天气溶胶吸收和散射系数平均值分别为(83.20±35.24) Mm^-1和(670.16±136.44) Mm^-1,分别为清洁天的3.85倍和3.45倍. 吸收和散射系数均呈现早晚高中午低的双峰型日变化特征,单散射反照率和散射埃系数平均值分别为(0.89±0.04)和(1.30±0.27),说明霾天气溶胶主要以细粒子中的散射性物质为主. 降雨对气溶胶有明显的清除作用. 地面风速与气溶胶吸收和散射呈负相关关系,与单散射反照率和埃系数呈正相关; 东南风时气溶胶散射系数最大,西南风时气溶胶吸收系数最大. 3次霾污染事件中,Haze 1主要受来自北部的老化污染气团影响,Haze 2主要受来自西南的生物质燃烧污染气团影响,而Haze 3主要由固定源污染引起.

Aerosol Optical Properties in the Northern Suburb of Nanjing During Haze Days in January 2013

In January 2013 large-scale, continuous and severe haze occurred in Nanjing. Three-wavelength photoacoustic soot spectrometer (PASS-3) was used for real-time, online and situ measurements of aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients in the northern suburb of Nanjing during January 2013. The results indicated that the average aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients were (83.20±35.24) Mm^-1 and (670.16±136.44) Mm^-1 during haze days, which were 3.85 and 3.45 times higher than those on clean days, respectively. The diurnal variation of absorption and scattering coefficients showed a bimodal distribution. The mean single scattering albedo and scattering Ångstrom exponent were (0.89±0.04) and (1.30±0.27) respectively, indicating the predominance of scattering fine particles during haze days in Nanjing. Aerosols could be significantly removed by precipitation. The absorption and scattering coefficients showed negative correlations with surface wind speed, and the single scattering albedo and Ångstrom exponent showed positive correlations with wind speed. Aerosol scattering coefficient was highest under southeasterly wind, whereas the absorption coefficient was highest under the southwesterly wind. In the three haze pollution events, Haze 1 and Haze 2 were mainly affected by long-range transportation of pollutants. Haze 1 was mainly affected by aging air mass from north Nanjing, Haze 2 was mainly affected by biomass burning air mass from southwest Nanjing, while Haze 3 was mainly caused by the high sulfate.