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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: bees, honey and pollen as sentinels for environmental chemical contaminants |
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| Authors: | Lambert Olivier Veyrand Bruno Durand Sophie Marchand Philippe Le Bizec Bruno Piroux Mélanie Puyo Sophie Thorin Chantal Delbac Frédéric Pouliquen Hervé |
| Affiliation: | a LUNAM Université, ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Plateforme Environnementale Vétérinaire, Centre Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage et des Ecosystèmes des Pays de la Loire (CVFSE), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, Nantes F-44307, France b LUNAM Université, ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, Nantes, F-44307, France c LUNAM Université, ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Unité de Statistiques, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, Nantes, F-44307, France d Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire «Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement», BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France e CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière F-63177, France |
| Abstract: | Three beehive matrices, sampled in six different apiaries from West France, were analyzed for the presence of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4: benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene). Samples were collected during four different periods in both 2008 and 2009. Honey samples showed the lowest levels of PAH4 contamination (min = 0.03 μg kg−1; max = 5.80 μg kg−1; mean = 0.82 μg kg−1; Sd = 1.17). Bee samples exhibited higher levels of PAH4 contamination (min = 0.32 μg kg−1; max = 73.83 μg kg−1; mean = 7.03 μg kg−1; Sd = 17.83) with a great dispersion of the concentrations due to four main events of high concentrations. Pollen samples showed only one major episode with the highest PAH4 concentration found (min = 0.33 μg kg−1; max = 129.41 μg kg−1; mean = 7.10 μg kg−1; Sd = 22.28). The PAH4 concentrations found were significantly influenced by the landscape context for all beehive samples. |
| Keywords: | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Bees Honey Pollen PAHs |
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