国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理概述

国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理范畴主要包括PHA、MOC、RA/RM、事故调查、其他工艺安全管理工具等。本文主要介绍了国外化工企业常规工艺安全技术管理MOC———变更管理的概念、流程,临时MOC、MSR、PSSR等概念及流程。PHA———工艺危险性分析是国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理核心,主要应用于大型或复杂项目,重点详述了工艺危险性分析的流程、步骤以及四种常用的危险识别方法———HAZOP、SCA、What-If、FEMA的概念、主要步骤、分析过程及主要优点。一旦工艺危险被分析识别后,阐述了如何运用风险评估和风险管理（RA/RM）步骤、后果等级、频率评价、风险等级矩阵和风险降低的主要方法,如何采用故障树FTA和事件树ETA两种不同的方法测算各种事件或故障发生的概率以及事故的后果等级,最后介绍了故障树FTA和事件树ETA的主要步骤和方法。

Summarization of process safety management of foreign chemical enterprises

The contents of process safety management in foreign chemical enterprises include PHA,MOC,RA/RM,incident investigation,other PSM tools,etc.In this paper the concept and process of management of change which is general process safety management in foreign chemical enterprises were introduced.The concepts and processes of temporary MOC and MSR and PSSR were also summarized.PHA is the core process safety management in foreign chemical enterprises,which is often applied in the great projects or complex projects.The core process safety management was expanded which is the process and step of process hazards analysis.As well as,the concept,steps,analysis process and main advantages of the four common hazard identification ways ——HAZOP、SCA、What-If、FEMA were ntroduced.Once the hazards were identified,it was elaborated that how to use the ways,consequence grade,frequency evaluation and the lower risk ways of risk assessment and risk management,and the main processes and ways of how to use Fault Tree and Event Tree to evaluate the probability and frequency which caused from different event and failure.Finally,it introduced the concept,steps,ways,etc.