底栖动物扰动对河床渗透性的影响研究

河床渗透性是影响地表水与地下水相互交换的重要因素,为探究底栖动物扰动对河床渗透性的影响,以渭河干流上5个研究点为例,通过对河床沉积物垂向渗透系数和沉积物粒度进行分析,再结合底栖动物的种类和密度,研究垂向渗透系数与底栖动物之间的相关性,以及底栖动物扰动对河床渗透性的影响.结果表明,沉积物成分分布以沙和砾石为主的草滩,渗透系数达到18.479 m·d-1,底栖动物的生物密度为139 ind·m-2;沉积物成分中粉沙和黏土占很大比重的眉县,渗透系数为2.807 m·d-1,底栖动物的生物密度为2 742 ind·m-2;沉积物粒度分布基本相同的眉县、咸阳、临潼和华县等4个渗透性较差研究点中底栖动物的生物密度和垂向渗透系数均差别较大,但是生物密度和垂向渗透系数呈显著相关性,其两者之间皮尔森相关系数r=0.987.不同研究点影响沉积物渗透性的主要决定因素不同,渗透性较强研究点主要为沉积物颗粒大小,渗透性较差研究点主要为底栖动物扰动;不同研究点内生物密度差别较大,不同生物种类差别也较大;底栖动物的生物扰动能够缓解细小沉积物的阻塞,以使弱渗透性河床沉积物的渗透性增强.

Effects of Invertebrate Bioturbation on Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of Streambed for a River

Streambed hydraulic conductivity is a key factor influencing water exchange between surface water and groundwater. However, the streambed invertebrate bioturbation has a great effect on the hydraulic conductivity. In order to determine the impact of invertebrate bioturbation on streambed hydraulic conductivity, the investigation of invertebrate bioturbation and in-situ test of vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambed are simultaneously conducted at five points along the main stream of the Weihe River. Firstly, correlation between the streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity and grain size distribution is analyzed. Secondly, type and density of the invertebrate and their correlation to hydraulic conductivity are determined. Finally, the effect of invertebrate bioturbation on the streambed hydraulic conductivity is illustrated. The results show that the vertical hydraulic conductivity and biological density of invertebrate are 18.479 m·d^-1 and 139 ind·m^-2, respectively for the Caotan site, where sediment composition with a large amount of sand and gravel particles. For Meixian site, the sediment constitutes a large amount of silt and clay particles, in which the vertical hydraulic conductivity and biological density of invertebrate are 2.807 m·d^-1 and 2742 ind·m^-2, respectively. Besides, for the low permeability of four sites (Meixian, Xianyang, Lintong and Huaxian), grain size particles are similar while the vertical hydraulic conductivity and biological density of invertebrate are significantly different from one site to another. However, for each site, the vertical hydraulic conductivity closely related to biological density of invertebrate, the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.987. It can be concluded that both grain size particles and invertebrate bioturbation influence sediment permeability. For example, higher values of streambed hydraulic conductivity from strong permeability site mainly due to the large amount of large-size particles and that from low permeability site is the main results from higher biological density of invertebrate. Large amount of grain size particles can expand pore space and the invertebrate bioturbation can destroy clogging sediment and enhance sediment permeability.