Chemical composition of burnt smell caused by accidental fires: environmental contaminants |
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Authors: | Heitmann K Wichmann H Bahadir M Gunschera J Schulz N Salthammer T |
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Affiliation: | a Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Ecological and Sustainable Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany b Fraunhofer Wilhelm Klauditz Institute, Bienroder Weg 54 E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany |
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Abstract: | The chemical composition of the odors typical of fires has recently been deciphered. Basically the constituents are mixtures of acetophenone, benzyl alcohol, hydroxylated derivatives of benzaldehyde, methoxylated and/or alkylated phenols and naphthalene. This finding makes it possible to develop objective, practical analytic measurement methods for the burnt smell as a contribution to improving fire damage assessment and remediation monitoring. With the aid of an artificially produced burnt smell and a panel of testers the odor detection threshold of a test mixture was determined olfactometrically to 2 μg m−3. Using a defined burnt-smell atmosphere in a test chamber, analytical methods with active sampling, the adsorbents XAD 7 and TENAX TA, and GC/MS measurement were then optimized and tested with a view to being able to carry out sensitive quantitative measurement of burnt smells. A further practical method with particular application to the qualitative characterization of this odor is based on the use of a new SPME (solid-phase microextraction) field sampler with DVB/CAR/PDMS (divinylbenzene/Carboxen™/polydimethylsiloxane) fibers. |
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Keywords: | Burnt smell Fire accident Passive sampling Active sampling SPME Remediation |
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