Effect of ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation on biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater sludge |
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Authors: | Pham T T H Tyagi R D Brar S K Surampalli R Y |
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Institution: | a INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9 b US EPA, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, Kansas, KS 66117, United States |
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Abstract: | The presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (WWS) were investigated during aerobic digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based fermentation of WWS. Ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pre-treatment was applied to improve biodegradability of WWS and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. DEHP and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentration, meanwhile 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanal were observed at lower concentration in WWS. After 20-day aerobic digestion, DEHP removal was 72%, 89%, and 85%, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid removal was 71%, 84%, 79%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges. Bt was found to degrade DEHP, leading to DEHP removal of 21%, 40%, and 30%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges in the fermentation. The results suggested that aerobic stabilization and Bt-based fermentation can remove the phthalates, and pre-treatment of WWS was also effective in improvement of DEHP biodegradation. Hence, Bt-based biopesticide production from WWS can be applied safely when taking into consideration the phthalate contaminants. |
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Keywords: | Aerobic digestion Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Bacillus thuringiensis Fenton oxidation Fermentation Ultrasonication |
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