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Emissions of unintentional persistent organic pollutants from open burning of municipal solid waste from developing countries |
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| Authors: | Zhang Tingting Fiedler Heidelore Yu Gang Ochoa Gustavo Solorzano Carroll William F Gullett Brian K Marklund Stellan Touati Abderrahmane |
| Institution: | a POPs Research Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China b UNEP/DTIE Chemicals Branch, 11-13, Chemin des Anémones, CH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland c Instituto Nacional de Ecología - CENICA, 09340 México DF, Mexico d American Chemistry Council, Chlorine Chemistry Division, 700 Second St., NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA e US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (E343-04), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA f Chemistry Department, Environmental Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden g ARCADIS-US, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA |
| Abstract: | Open burning of waste is the most significant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in many national inventories prepared pursuant to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. This is particularly true for developing countries. Emission factors for POPs such as PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and penta- and hexachlorobenzenes (PeCBz/HCB) from open burning of municipal solid waste in China and Mexico are reported herein. Six different waste sources were studied varying from urban-industrial to semi-urban to rural. For PCDD/PCDF, the emission factors to air ranged from 3.0 to 650 ng TEQ kg−1 waste and for dl-PCB from 0.092 to 54 ng TEQ kg−1 waste. Emission factors for PeCBz (17-1200 ng kg−1 waste) and HCB (24-1300 ng kg−1 waste) spanned a wide but similar range. Within the datasets there is no indication of significant waste composition effect on emission factor with the exception of significantly higher Mexico rural samples. |
| Keywords: | PCDD/PCDF dl-PCB PeCBz HCB Emission factor Open burning |
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