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Hydroxytyrosol, the phenolic compound of olive oil protects human PBMC against oxidative stress and DNA damage mediated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD
Authors:Ilavarasi Kalaiselvan  Kiruthiga Perumal Vijayaraman  Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha  Devi Kasi Pandima
Affiliation:Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract:The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 106 cells mL−1) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO2 incubator (5% CO2) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure.
Keywords:TCDD, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin   AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor   HT, hydroxytyrosol   ROS, reactive oxygen species   H2O2, hydrogen peroxide   PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells   NO  0"   alt="  radical dot"   src="  http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/rad"   class="  glyphImg"  >, nitric oxide radical   CAT, catalase   GPx, glutathione peroxidase   SOD, superoxide dismutase   GR, glutathione reductase   LPO, lipid peroxidation   PCC, protein carbonyl content   DCF-DA, dichlorflourescein diacetate
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