我国尘肺患病现状及发展趋势

全国尘肺流行病学调查结果表明:至1986年底,累积诊断尘肺病例为393787例,其中死亡79627例,全死因病死率为20.2％;全国尘肺现患病例314160例,现患率4.0％,其中合并肺结核者49689例,肺结核合并率15.8％;矽肺和煤工尘肺分别占全国尘肺总病例数的48.3％39.1％;在各产业中煤炭工业系统尘肺病例最多,占全国病例总数的46.5％,其次是有色、冶金、建材等行业;省区调查结果以四川,湖南、辽宁、山西、江西五省的尘肺病例最多,均在2万例以上,五省合计占全国总例数的43.3％;调查表明。我国尘肺患病人数仍在逐年增加,1986年底现患病例数为1955年的387.6倍;Ⅰ期尘肺患者发病工龄分析表明,1986年前诊断的矽肺和煤工尘肺病例的95％是在1964年前开始接尘的工人,近20年来开始接尘的工人发病很少,表明我国综合防尘措施取得了成效。

CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOCONIOSES IN CHINA

The results of the epidemiological study on pneumoconiosis with a nationwide cooperation showed that there were 393787 cumulative cases of pneumoconiosis from 1949 to the end of 1986 in China and among them 79627 dead, fatality for all cases was 20.2%. All 12 kinds of pneumoconiosis had occurred in China, but silicosis and CWP were the most serious pneumoconiosis and the number of cases predominantly reached 190197 (48.3%) and 153815 (39.1%), respectively. 49687 out of 314160 patients, who are still alive accounting for (15.9%), were complicated by lung tuberculosis. Cases of pneumoconioses mainly occurred in the places where coal industry and metallurgical indutry were relatively concentrated, such as Sichuan, Hunan, Liaoning, Shanxi and Jiangxi provinces. Concerning distribution of pneumoconioses in various industrial sectors, 82.1 % of total cumulative cases occurred in the large scale industries above county level and about 17.9% occurred in the enterprises at county level. Coal industry was on the top position accounting for 46.5% of total cumulative cases. Analysis of latency since first duagnosis of first level pneumoconiosis showed that most of cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed till the end of 1986 started being exposed to dusts before 1960's.