我国农田农药流失现状及减控策略

农业面源污染已经成为全球水污染的主要来源,其中具有生物毒性的农药污染物对人体健康和生态环境安全构成了严重威胁。分析了我国农田农药流失现状,指出流失的主要农药品种与用药历史和特点密切相关,水体中检出的有机氯农药主要源于早期农药残留,检出的有机磷农药和长残效除草剂部分种类目前仍在使用。提出从影响农药流失的各个环节入手,制定严密的减控策略。植物缓冲带是拦截农药流失的常用措施,可以实现对农业面源污染的可持续治理。建议实行生态功能区划,严格限制高毒农药的施用,减少化学农药施用量,规范农药喷洒器械和施药技术,从源头上控制农药流失,从而降低农业非点源污染带来的危险。

Pesticide Loss in Agricultural Runoff and Their Control

Agricultural nonpoint pollution (ANP) has become a major source of water pollution in the world. Bio toxic pesticides in water bodies pose a significant threat to human health and aquatic ecosystem. This review analyzed the status of pesticide loss in China. The major varieties of pesticide loss were closely related to past application and the characteristics of pesticides. At present, organochlorine pesticides detected in water bodies were mainly derived from past residues. Some organophosphorous pesticides and long residual herbicides were still used in agriculture. It proposed to make rigorous reduction and control strategies over all causes of pesticide loss. Vegetative buffer strip, a common approach in reducing pesticide loss could be a sustainable control in ANP. Some strategies should be taken to reduce risk of ANP by source control, such as implementing ecological function zoning, limiting high toxic pesticide usage, lowering chemical pesticide application amount, improving pesticide spraying equipment and technique.