基于生态风险的我国水环境高风险抗生素筛选排序

针对我国水体环境中大多数抗生素缺乏生态毒理数据，无法开展全国范围内抗生素生态风险评估的问题，以国家药品监督管理局数据库中抗生素商品为研究对象，通过收集市场所有抗生素的商品数量和平均日剂量，结合暴露建模方法计算暴露指数，采用抗生素生态毒理效应数据以及物种敏感性分布（species sensitivity distributions，SSD）法和顶端效应计算风险评分，对结果进行筛选排序，分析并识别了抗生素优先次序.结果表明，拥有不少于4种商品数量的特定抗生素为105种，53种抗生素为全国用量较大的候选药物.同时通过联合概率模型筛选出20种抗生素作为优先风险评估药品，其中高生态风险优先关注为克拉霉素、环丙沙星、阿莫西林、头孢克洛和氧氟沙星.本研究为定量评估我国水体环境抗生素风险防控提供科学依据.

Screening and Sequencing High-risk Antibiotics in China's Water Environment Based on Ecological Risks

In view of the lack of ecotoxicological data for most antibiotics in China''s water environment, national-scale ecological risk assessment of antibiotics remains impossible. This study determined the exposure index values for antibiotic products in the National Medical Products Administration based on quantity and average daily dose data for all antibiotics in the market alongside exposure modeling. The risk scores were calculated using data on the ecotoxicological effects of the antibiotics, and the species sensitivity distributions (SSD) method and apical effects. Priorities for control were identified based on the findings. Approximately 105 antibiotics were screened, and 53 were identified as candidate drugs with high national usage. Twenty antibiotics were identified for priority risk evaluation using a joint probabilistic model, with clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, cefaclor, and oxyfloxacin highlighted as presenting a high ecological risk. This study provides a scientific basis for the quantitative assessment of antibiotic risk prevention and control in China''s aquatic environment.