不同结构芳香酸对厌氧颗粒污泥特性与微生物群落的影响

以苯甲酸（BA）、邻苯二甲酸（PA）、连苯三甲酸（HA）、1-萘甲酸（1NA）为研究对象，探究了不同结构芳香酸对厌氧颗粒污泥理化特性与微生物群落的影响.结果表明，在40 d的接触实验中，1NA实验组对溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）的去除率为86.09%，与空白对照组相比降低了7%.4个实验组污泥疏松胞外聚合物（LB-EPS）和紧密胞外聚合物（TB-EPS）中多糖含量分别比对照组高0.30~1.28、0.19~1.03 mg·g^-1，蛋白含量分别提高了0.025~0.326、0.007~0.171 mg·g^-1.在LB-EPS三维荧光（EEM）光谱中，HA和1NA实验组中出现了类腐殖酸物质荧光峰，且辅酶F₄₂₀峰强度有所降低.对于酶活性而言，HA、1NA实验组乙酸激酶相对活性比对照组减少了65.26%、6.93%.通过高通量测序发现，对照组与实验组中的优势菌群均为Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi和Firmicutes.HA与1NA的加入降低了Actinobacteria的相对丰度，提高了Bacteroidetes和Synergistetes的相对丰度.对于古细菌而言，Methanothrix在对照组与实验组中为优势种属，其相对丰度达到49.95%~80.40%；但实验组Methanothrix的相对丰度减少了10.69%~30.45%，且1NA实验组尤为明显；而1NA的加入提高了Methanospirillum的相对丰度，达到34.08%.同时，细菌和古细菌代谢通路预测表明，其主要功能组为代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理和细胞过程，芳香酸使得厌氧颗粒污泥中氨基酸的代谢功能有所增强.

Effects of different structures aromatic acids on physicochemical properties and microbial community of anaerobic granular sludge

Taking benzoic acid (BA), phthalic acid (PA), hemimellitic acid (HA) and 1-naphthoic acid (1NA) as research objects, the effects of different aromatic acids on the physicochemical properties and microbial community of anaerobic granular sludge were investigated. The results showed that in the 40-day exposure experiment, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal rate of the group added with 1NA was 86.09%, decreasing by 7% compared with the control group. The polysaccharide (PS) content of loosely-bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) and tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) of anaerobic granular sludge in the four experimental groups was 0.30~1.28 mg·g^-1 and 0.19~1.03 mg·g^-1 higher than that in the control group, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein (PN) content was 0.025~0.326 mg·g^-1 and 0.007~0.171 mg·g^-1 higher than the control group, respectively. In the LB-EPS of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra, the humic acid-like substance fluorescence peaks mostly appeared in the experimental group containing HA and 1NA, and the intensity of the coenzyme F₄₂₀ peak decreased. For enzyme activity, the relative activity of acetate kinase (AK) in the experimental group containing HA and 1NA decreased by 65.26% and 6.93% compared with the control group. Through high-throughput sequencing technology, the dominant abundant bacteria in the control and experimental groups were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes increased in the presence of HA and 1NA. For archaea, Methanothrix was dominated in the control group and the experimental groups, accounting for 49.95%~80.40%. However, the relative abundance of Methanothrix in the experimental group decreased by 10.69%~30.45%, especially in the experimental group with 1NA. While the relative abundance of Methanospirillum increased to 34.08% in the presence of 1NA. The function prediction of bacterial and archaea genes indicated that the main functional groups were metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing and cellular processes. Meanwhile, the amino acids metabolism bacteria in the anaerobic granular sludge was enhanced in the presence of aromatic acids.