中国生活源固体垃圾产生和处理及其N2O排放

核算和评估固体垃圾产生和处理及其N₂O排放具有重要的现实和指导意义.本研究以中国为例（2008—2017年），建立了固体垃圾产生、处理和N₂O排放核算框架.结果表明，10年间中国固体垃圾产生量上升了34.6%，年均6.13亿t，生活垃圾（48.6%）和工业日用品垃圾（24.6%）是主要贡献源；处理格局仍以填埋为主（占53.0%），焚烧为辅（25.5%）；堆弃（42.5%）和焚烧（31.2%）是固体垃圾处理中N₂O气体的主要排放源，堆肥占21.9%，填埋处理排放最少（4.4%）；固体垃圾处理产生的渗滤液逐年增加，渗滤液排放的N₂O占固体垃圾处理N₂O排放总量的41.7%，生活垃圾产生的渗滤液是其主要排放源.加大垃圾分类处理和资源化利用力度，加强农村生活垃圾处理处置能力、减少垃圾堆弃量及提高垃圾处理技术对固体垃圾的产生及其N₂O排放减排至关重要.

The generation, treatment and N2O emission of municipal solid waste in China

It is of great practical and guiding significance to calculate and evaluate the generation, treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the associated N₂O emissions. Here, a framework was developed to evaluate the generation and treatment of MSW, and the associated N₂O emissions in China from 2008 to 2017. The MSW generation increased by 34.6% in the past decade, with an average of 6.13×10⁸ t·a^-1, and the domestic garbage (48.6%) and the garbage of industrial products consumed by residents (24.6%) were the main contributors. The treatment pattern was dominated by landfill (53.0%), and supplemented by incineration (25.5%). During the process of MSW treatment, dumping (42.5%) and incineration (31.2%) were the main sources of N₂O emissions, followed by composting (21.9%), while landfill had the lowest contribution proportion (4.4%). The leachate generated from MSW increased year by year, and the emissions of N₂O from leachate accounted for 41.7% of the total emissions from MSW treatment, with the leachate from domestic garbage being the main contributor. Therefore, reinforcing the classified treatment and resource utilization of MSW, enhancing the disposal capacity of rural domestic garbage to reduce the amount of dumping, and improving the technology of MSW treatment are critical to reducing MSW generation and the associated N₂O emissions.